Xa sithetha ngeemoto zaseJapan, iilebhile ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, ukuthembeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo ephezulu zihlala zifika engqondweni. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abaye baqaphela ukuba "igorha elingagungqiyo" emva kwezi ziboneleloI-Nippon Standard Automotive Wire. Njenge "nerve center" yenkqubo yombane yeemoto, ifana nemithambo yegazi ecolekileyo, edibanisa onke amalungu ombane anjenge-injini, ipaneli yesixhobo, kunye nezibane zangaphambili. Namhlanje, masiphakamise isigqubuthelo kwimfihlelo yomgca wemoto oqhelekileyo waseJapan kwaye sibone ukuba yintoni eyenza ilitye lembombo elibalulekileyo lomgangatho weemoto zaseJapan.
1.Yintoni umgangatho waseJapan wocingo lweemoto?
I-"Japanese Automobile wire"Yiyo, njengoko igama libonisa, umgca wemveliso yemoto olandela iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezibekwe yiJapan Automobile Standards Organisation (JASO). Imigangatho yereferensi engundoqo iquka iJASO D608, D609, D611, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo exhasayo ekhutshwe yiJapan Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), efana ne-JIS9 {3}40 yemigangatho yayingekho . zicwangciswe ngokungaqhelekanga; endaweni yoko, zisisiphumo sokuphucula okuqhubekayo kwinkulungwane-ende yophuhliso loshishino lweemoto lwaseJapan olusekwe kwimozulu yendawo, iimpawu zesithuthi, kunye neemfuno zabasebenzisi.
Xa kuthelekiswa neUmgangatho waseTshayina, Umgangatho waseJamanikwayeUmgangatho waseMelika, olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwenkqubo yomgangatho waseJapan "lulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo". EJapan, iqondo lobushushu lasehlotyeni liphezulu kwaye ukufuma kuphezulu, ngelixa iindlela zasezidolophini zimxinwa. Oku kufuna ukuba iintambo zeemoto zingamelani kuphela neemeko-bume ezigqithisileyo kodwa zihlangabezane neemfuno zocingo lwezithuthi ezixineneyo. Ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto ezikrwada, iinkqubo zokuvelisa ukuya ekuhlolweni komgangatho, umgangatho waseJapan useke inkqubo epheleleyo yokucaciswa. Ngokomzekelo, ifuna ngokucacileyo ukuba iileyibhile zekhebula zibonisa ngokucacileyo umenzi, iinkcukacha kunye neemodeli, ziqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa nokugcinwa. Le nkqubo ingqongqo yemigangatho yeyona mandla angundoqo wokuthembeka kweengcingo zemoto zaseJapan.
2.Iinzuzo ezine ezingundoqo: Ukuqonda "umgangatho" woluhlu lweemoto ekujoliswe kuzo
Ukuba umgangatho usisakhelo, ke iinzuzo ezizodwa zobugcisa ziyinyama kunye negazi le-Target Automotive Wire. Ngokuthelekisa iintambo eziqhelekileyo ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, iingenelo zayo zigxininiswe kwiinkalo ezine, nganye ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno eziphambili zeemeko zokusetyenziswa kweemoto.
Iimoto zaseJapan ubukhulu becala zibonakalisa iimodeli ezixineneyo, ezinezinto ezininzi zombane ngaphakathi kunye nendawo enyiniweyo yocingo. Iimoto zakwaNissan ziphucule ngokukodwa inkqubo yokujija i-conductor kunye nezixhobo zokugquma ukuze zifezekiseke ngakumbi kuneemveliso ezininzi ezifanayo. Ngokomzekelo, iimodeli eziqhelekileyo ezifanaAVSSkwayeI-AVSsebenzisa ezininzi-iingcingo zobhedu ezicekethekileyo-noyilo olubiyelweyo lokugquma, uvumela iingcingo ezibhetyebhetye naphantsi kweradiyi yokugoba. Oku akuthinteli kuphela umngcipheko womonakalo ngexesha lofakelo kodwa kukhulula indawo eyongezelelweyo yokulungiswa kwangaphakathi. Olu ncedo lubonakala ngokukodwa kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zocingo ezifana nedeshibhodi kunye neengcango, okwenza "umsindisi kwiindawo ezimxinwa".
EJapan, iqondo lokushisa lihlala lidlula i-35℃ehlotyeni, kwaye emva kokuba izithuthi zibekwe elangeni, ubushushu bekhabhinethi bunokufikelela kwi-80 degree. Oku kubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo zokumelana nobushushu kweengcingo zemoto. Iingcingo zeemoto ze-JTS zigcina ubushushu bokusebenza obuzinzileyo ukusuka kwi- - 40℃ukuya kwi-125 degree. Ezinye iimodeli eziphezulu, ezifana neAEXuthotho, sebenzisa umnqamlezo{0}}izinto ezidityanisiweyo zokugquma i-polyethylene, kunye nenqanaba lokumelana nobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120 degree. Ingaba kubusika obunzima emantla okanye ehlotyeni eshushu emzantsi, inokugcina ukusebenza kombane okuzinzileyo kwaye ayiyi kuba neengxaki ezifana nokuguga kwe-insulation layer okanye ukuqhekeka ngenxa yokutshintsha okukhulu kobushushu. Oku kuguquguquka komelele kakhulu kokusingqongileyo sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokuthembeka kweemoto zaseJapan.
Namhlanje, ngoqoqosho lwepetroli lufumana ingqwalaselo eyongeziweyo, ukukhanya kube lukhokelo lophuhliso olubalulekileyo kushishino lweemoto. Kwaye iToyota sele yenze amalungiselelo kwangethuba kulo mba. Isebenzisa i-elastomers ekhethekileyo ye-thermoplastic (TPE) kunye nezinye izinto zokugquma ezilula ukunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima beentambo ngelixa uqinisekisa ukusebenza. Ngaxeshanye, ulwakhiwo olucekethekileyo -loyilo lokugquma iindonga alunciphisi nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kodwa lucutha nedayamitha yangaphandle yeentambo. Ukuthatha intambo eyi-0.5mm² njengomzekelo, ubukhulu be-insulation yemveliso ye-Toyota yi-0.3-0.4mm kuphela, eyi-15% -20% ikhaphukhaphu kuneentambo zesintu. Iqokelelwe ngaphaya kwamakhulu eemitha zeentambo kwisithuthi siphela, oku kunokunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi ngeekhilogram ezininzi, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
Imithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo yaseJapan ingena kuzo zonke iinkalo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, kwaye iNissan Automotive Wire ayiyongxaki. Ukususela ekuqaleni, izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nelothe kunye ne-halogens ziphetshwa ngokupheleleyo. Izinto zokugquma zisebenzisa i-polyvinyl chloride enokuphinda isetyenziswe okanye i-cross{2}}i-polyethylene edityanisiweyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, ifilosofi yaseJapan yokuvelisa imveliso iyalandelwa, kwaye inkqubo iphuculwe ukunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto. Olu luhlu lupheleleyo loyilo lokhuselo lokusingqongileyo aluhambelani kuphela nendlela yehlabathi yokwenziwa kohlaza, kodwa kwakhona lenza iNissan Automotive Wire ithandwa kakhulu kwiimarike ezifana neYurophu neUnited States, apho iimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zingqongqo.
3.Iimodeli eziqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo: "Imephu eSebenzayo" yeeNcingo zeMoto ezisemgangathweni zaseJapan
Umgca wemoto oqhelekileyo waseJapan awuyiyo imveliso enye kodwa umgca wemveliso opheleleyo ogubungela uluhlu oluninzi, kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana neemeko zesicelo ezahlukeneyo. Abona bamele kakhulu baquka i-AVS, i-AVSS, i-AEX kunye nolunye uchungechunge, oludibanisa "inethiwekhi ye-neural" yenkqubo yombane yemoto:
Ukwamkela ukutyeba okuqhelekileyo kokugquma, ilungele iisekethe eziqhelekileyo ezisezantsi-zevoltage ezifana nezibane zangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo zeaudio. Luqwalaselo olusisiseko lweemoto zabakhweli zaseJapan kwaye iye yaba yenye yezona modeli zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye neendleko -ezisebenzayo.
Ummeli oqhelekileyo woyilo olucekethekileyo- lokugquma iindonga, lubalasele ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye noncedo olukhaphukhaphu. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinendawo yocingo enyiniweyo efana neepaneli zesixhobo kunye nolawulo lwamacango, kwaye iqhele ukufunyanwa kwiimoto ezixineneyo kunye neeSUV ezincinci.
Phezulu -isiphelo sobushushu{1}}imodeli ekwaziyo ukumelana. Umnqamlezo-odityanisiweyo we-polyethylene imathiriyeli yenza ukuba imelane namaqondo obushushu ukuya kwi-120 degree. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu{6}}kubushushu obuphezulu obunje ngeendawo zenjini kwaye ifanele{7}}imodeli yokusebenza yenjini ephezulu njengeenjini zeturbo.
4.Ukuqukumbela: Impembelelo evela kumgca weMoto oMgangatho waseJapan - Iinkcukacha zimisela umgangatho
Into ebonakala ngathi yilayini yemoto eqhelekileyo eneneni iqulethe ubulumko obunzulu kuyilo lwamashishini. Impumelelo yemigca yemoto yakwaToyota ilele ekuqondeni ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno zabasebenzisi kunye nosukelo lwabo lokugqibela lwemigangatho yobugcisa - baphucula ukuguquguquka kwezithuthi ezixineneyo, ukomeleza ukumelana nobushushu kwindawo{2}}zobushushu obuphezulu, ukunciphisa ubunzima beemfuno zobuchule bamafutha, kunye nokuphucula imathiriyeli yeendlela zokusingqongileyo.
Kule mihla, ngophuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, imigca yemoto yakwaToyota nayo iphucula isiya kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokukhanya, kudityaniswa nzulu kunye nokuveliswa okukrelekrele kunye nobuchwepheshe bobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Obu buchule buqhubekayo buvelayo bunokuba ngundoqo kubukho bayo bexesha elide-kwimarike yehlabathi. Ngexesha elizayo xa sithetha ngomgangatho weemoto zaseJapan, kutheni ungacingi ngale "nerve center" efihliweyo ngaphakathi kumzimba wemoto? Yiyo kanye ukucokiswa kwezi nkcukacha okuye kwavelisa igama elithembekileyo.
