Xa sithetha ngomsebenzi wemoto, sihlala sigxila kumandla e-injini, iinkqubo zokuqhuba ezikrelekrele okanye umgangatho wangaphakathi, kodwa asifane sihoye ezo zifihlwe ngaphakathi kumzimba wemoto, njenge "neural networks" - iingcingo zemoto. Badibanisa yonke inxalenye yombane yesithuthi, ukusuka kwizibane, izinzwa ukuya kwiinkqubo zamandla, ukuxhasa ngokuthula ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesithuthi sonke. Kwaye emva kwale migca yemoto, iSAEumgangatho ufana "nomphathi womgangatho" ongqongqo, ochaza imida yokusebenza kunye nemida yokhuseleko. Namhlanje, makhe sityhile imfihlakalo yeengcingo zemoto eziqhelekileyo ze-SAE.
Yintoni umgangatho we-SAE?
Okokuqala, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukubaumgangatho we-SAEsisishunqulelo segama elithi "uMbutho weeNjineli zeZithuthi" endaweni ye-automaker okanye uphawu oluthile. I-SAE iphuhlise imigangatho ebandakanya yonke ikhonkco lexabiso leemoto, kubandakanywa ukuyila, ukuvelisa, kunye nokuvavanya, kwaye ngumbutho ogunyazisiweyo wokulinganisa umgangatho kwishishini leemoto zehlabathi.Phakathi kwezi, imigangatho enxulumene nemigca yemoto ibe yinto eqhelekileyo "yokungena" kwishishini.
Isizathu sokuba kutheni iintambo zeemoto kufuneka zilandele imigangatho ye-SAE ngokusisiseko ngenxa yobunzima benkqubo yombane yesithuthi kunye nendawo yokusebenza enzima. Iintambo zeemoto ezenziwe ngabavelisi abohlukeneyo zinokuthi zisebenze ngokungaguquguqukiyo ngokungabikho komgangatho omnye obekiweyo, ukusuka kukusilela kombane okungephi ukuya kwiziganeko ezinkulu ezifana neesekethe ezimfutshane kunye nemililo. Ngenxa yoko, imigangatho ye-SAE isebenza njenge "benchmark" eqinisekisa ukuthembeka kocingo lweemoto kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ezinzima.
Izinto zokugquma: Iindidi ezintathu zezixhobo zifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo
Umaleko wokugquma ngowona ubalulekileyo "umgca wokuqala wokukhusela" kwiintambo zemoto. Ikhusela i-internal conductive core kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zomonakalo onokuthi zenzeke kwindawo yokusebenza enzima yesithuthi, efana ne-mechanical abrasion, i-chemical corrosion esuka kwi-oyile kunye ne-coolant, utshintsho olugqithisileyo lobushushu, ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane. Umgangatho we-SAE (uMbutho weeNjineli zeeMoto) ngumgangatho owaziwayo{2} wobunjineli beemoto kwihlabathi jikelele. Ibeke iinkcazo ezicacileyo, ezingqongqo kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezinto zokugquma ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo zocingo lweemoto. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zokusebenza, kwaye zihlengahlengiswa ngononophelo ukuze zihambelane noxinzelelo oluthile lokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zesithuthi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iingcingo ziya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo:
1
Ukufakwa kwe-thermoplastic
Imelwe ngezinto ezifana nePVC, ibandakanya iindidi ezintathu:GPT(injongo jikelele-), TWP (ebhityileyo-ibiyelwe ngodonga), kunyeHDT(umsebenzi onzima-). Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwe-TWP, ngenxa yoyilo -lucekeceke olubiyelwe ngeendonga, lunokonga ngokufanelekileyo indawo kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zokubopha iintambo zomzimba. Uhlobo lwe-HDT lubonelela ngokhuseleko lomatshini oluphuculweyo olunomgangatho ongqindilili wokugquma kwaye lufanelekile kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinzima.
2
Ukugquma-okudityanisiweyo kwepololefin
Iimathiriyeli zePolyolefin eziye zadibana-nonyango oludibanisayo (ezifana ne-GXL, TXL, kunyeSXLiindidi) zomeleze ngokuphawulekayo ukumelana nobushushu kwaye zilukhetho olukhethwayo -kummandla wobushushu obuphezulu njengeenjini zokuthelekisa.
3
Ukufakwa kwe-thermosetting elastomers
Iintambo zohlobo lwe-HTS, eziyilwe ukusuka phezulu-irabha eyenziweyo esebenza njengondoqo wokugquma kunye nemathiriyeli yokugquma, iqhayisa ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini ezidibanisa ubhetyebhetye olugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana okukhethekileyo kunye nokukrazuka, kunye nokuqina okumangalisayo ngokuchasene{1}}nosetyenziso lwexesha elide. Oku kuqulunqwa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo kuvumela ikhebula ukuba ligcine ingqibelelo yesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kombane nangemva kokugoba ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukugoba kunye nokunyakaza, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ukuqina okanye ukulahlekelwa iipropati zokukhusela. Yintoni eyenza ukuba iintambo ze-HTS zigqame luyilo olulungelelanisiweyo lokusingqongileyo kweentambo eziguquguqukayo kwizicelo zeemoto, zizenze zibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo noluthembekileyo kwiimeko zocingo ezifuna ukuguquguquka rhoqo kunye notshintsho lwendawo{4}}kakhulu kwiimodyuli zocango lwemoto, apho iintambo zokubopha zihlala ziphantsi kokugoba ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngalo lonke ixesha ucango luvulwa kwaye luvaliwe, intambo yokufaka intambo eqhelekileyo kwaye ivalwe, intambo yentambo ye-automotive kwaye ivaliwe. ixesha elide{5}}lokuqina.
Indlela yokukhetha i-SAE efanelekileyo yocingo lweemoto kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo?
Injini yangaphakathi
Njengenye yezona ndawo zishushu kunye nezona ndawo zisesichengeni zesithuthi, indawo ye-injini ifuna izisombululo eziphezulu-zokusebenza kweengcingo ezinokumelana nobushushu. Kule ndawo ingundoqo,GXLokanyeTXLcross-iintambo zepololefin ezidityanisiweyo kufuneka zinikwe ingqwalaselo ephambili ngokupheleleyo. Ulwakhiwo lwabo oludityanisiweyo - lunika uzinzo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye nokunganyangeki, ukuziqhelanisa ngokugqibeleleyo nemekobume enzima{3}}yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo lombane oluthembekileyo kunye{4}}nokhuseleko lwexesha elide lokusebenza kumalungu esithuthi.
Iintambo zokubopha umzimba
Ukuqwalasela zombini ukubumbana kunye nokuguquguquka,TWP-iintambo ze-thermoplastic ezibiyelwe ngodonga zigqame njengolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwimizeko yeentambo ezahlukeneyo. Uyilo olucekethekileyo -lolubiyelwe ngolwakhiwo lugcina kakhulu indawo yofakelo, lungena ngokugqibeleleyo kwimingxuma yesixhobo emxinwa kunye nevalekileyo. Ngeli xesha, imathiriyeli ye-thermoplastic iyinika ukuguquguquka okugqwesileyo, okusebenzayo kumashishini amaninzi kunye ne-elektroniki, ukuhlangabezana ngokulula neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zocingo kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.
Imodyuli yomnyango/yophahla lwelanga
Kwiimeko apho izixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo ziqhuba imisebenzi yokutshintsha rhoqo, iintambo ezidibeneyo ziphantsi kokugoba ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukujija kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini rhoqo, okubeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kwisigxina sabo sesakhiwo kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza. Iintambo kuphela ezinomsebenzi ogqwesileyo we-flexural zinokumelana nokunxiba okuqhubekayo koomatshini ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okanye ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo. Ke ngoko, iintambo ze-HTS zikhethwe njengokhetho olukhethwayo.
Inkqubo yokuqala
Xa kufikwa kumba obalulekileyo wothumelo oluphezulu{{0} lwangoku kwimizi-mveliso, kwiinkqubo zamandla emoto naselwandle, ukhetho lwezisombululo zocingo lufuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo nemigangatho yoshishino lobungcali. Ngokukodwa, iintambo zebhetri -ezinzima ezenziwe ngobunjineli zaze zenziwa ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana nomgangatho we-SAE J1127 yeyona nto ifunekayo. Imimiselo engqongqo yalo mgangatho iqinisekisa ukuba amandla anokuhanjiswa ngokuthembekileyo, ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo naphantsi kwemithwalo yangoku eqhubekayo.
Ixesha elizayo Trend
Imfuno yeentambo kwiinkqubo zombane zemoto ikhula ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha. IImigangatho ye-SAEinokutshintsha kwixesha elizayo ukuquka iimfuno ezingqongqo ngakumbi zombane wombane, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-eco-imathiriyeli enobubele. Imfihlelo yokunyusa ukukhuphisana kwemveliso kubenzi beemoto kunye nababoneleli becandelo kuya kuba kukubeka iliso elibukhali kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwenza amalungiselelo obugcisa ngaphambi kwexesha.
Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wengqikelelo ethi "iinkcukacha zimisela ukhuseleko" kushishino lweemoto bubukho be-SAE yocingo lweemoto, oluthe lwavela kucingo olunye olubhityileyo ukuya kwimigangatho ebanzi. Kwixesha elizayo xa simangaliswa bubuchwephesha obuntsonkothileyo obufumaneka ezimotweni, masihlale sikhumbula ezi “ndlela zobomi” zifihlwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni wesithuthi; lumsebenzi wabo othembekileyo onika isiqinisekiso esiqinileyo kulo lonke uhambo.
